Biophysical characterization of the <i>Varroa destructor</i> Na <sub>V</sub> 1 sodium channel and its affinity for τ‐fluvalinate insecticide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The decline of the western honeybee ( Apis mellifera ) has been reported to be due to parasitism by Varroa destructor mites and to colony collapse disorder in which these mites may be involved. In‐hive chemicals such as τ‐fluvalinate are being used to control V. destructor populations. This approach may lead to the chronic exposure of bees to this liposoluble chemical, which tends to accumulate in hives. We cloned a variant of the V. destructor voltage‐dependent sodium (VdNa V 1) channel and studied its biophysical characteristics and sensitivity to τ‐fluvalinate using the Xenopus oocyte expression system and the 2‐microelectrode voltage‐clamp technique. We compared the affinity of VdNa V 1 for τ‐fluvalinate with the honeybee voltage‐dependent sodium ortholog. Our results showed that the honeybee sodium channel is more sensitive to τ‐fluvalinate than the V. destructor channel, suggesting that care must be taken when treating hives with this chemical.—Gosselin‐Badaroudine, P., Chahine, M. Biophysical characterization of the Varroa destructor Na V 1 sodium channel and its affinity for τ‐fluvalinate insecticide. FASEB J. 31, 3066–3071 (2017). www.fasebj.org
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".