082 Growth performance responses of growing pigs when fed corn-soybean meal diets with corn DDGS treated with fiber degrading enzymes with or without extended steeping
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Steeping high fiber ingredients like DDGS with carbohydrases may potentially improve their feeding value. We investigated growth performance of growing pigs fed diets containing DDGS treated with a blend of β-glucanase and xylanase (XB) with or without extended steeping. Treatments were 1) corn- soybean meal based diet with 30% DDGS (C), 2) C + XB without steeping (XBNS), and 3) C + XB with the DDGS steeped with XB (16% DM) for 3 to 8 d at 40°C (XBS). All diets had phytase (750 FTU/kg) and met nutrient requirements for growing pigs. The target activities for XB were 1050 and 5500 U/g of DDGS for β-glucanase and xylanase, respectively. Samples were taken during DDGS steeping and at feeding for pH analyses. A total of 144 pigs (25 kg BW) were assigned to pens (3 barrows and 3 gilts) based on initial weight and allocated to the three treatments in a 2-phase feeding program (3-wk/phase). Diets were delivered by computer controlled liquid feeding system at a feed to water ratio of 1:4, four times per day. Pigs had free access to water. At the end of the experiment, 1 pig per pen was sacrificed for gastrointestinal measurements. The average pH of steeped DDGS on d 0, 1, 3, 5, and 8 was 4.42, 3.65, 3.86, 3.89, and 3.92, respectively. The pH of diets at feeding time was lower (P < 0.01) for XBS (4.7) compared to C and XBNS (5.5). Pigs fed XBNS had higher (P = 0.02) ADG than C in phase 1 and in phase 2. Overall ADG was higher (P < 0.05) for XBNS than XBS, while pigs receiving C were similar to XBS pigs. There were no effects (P > 0.05) on ADFI throughout the experiment. However, pigs fed XBS had numerically lower ADFI in phase 1 (−4.0%) and phase 2 (−5.2%) relative to XBNS pigs. Pigs receiving XBNS (1.68) and XBS (1.69) had better feed:gain (P = 0.001) than C (1.78) during phase 1. Treatments did not influence (P > 0.05) empty gastrointestinal weight. In conclusion, treating DDGS with XB with or without steeping resulted in improved feed efficiency for the first 3 wk, suggesting degradation by XB of dietary fibrous components that may limit nutrient utilization in younger pigs. Supplementation with XB improved ADG when DDGS were not steeped; however, steeping appeared to reduce feed intake, resulting in poorer ADG.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".