Longitudinal evaluation of perfusion changes in acute and chronic renal allograft rejection using arterial spin labeling in translational mouse models
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To examine the longitudinal changes of renal perfusion due to acute and chronic renal allograft rejection by using arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI in translational mouse models of isogenic and allogenic kidney transplantation (ktx). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acute rejection was induced by allogenic ktx of C57BL/6 (B6)-kidney grafts to BALB/c-recipients with prolonged cold ischemia (CIT) of 60 minutes (n = 13). To induce chronic rejection BALB/c-kidneys were transplanted into B6-recipients with short CIT of 30 minutes (n = 22). Isogenic grafts without rejection (n = 14 with prolonged, n = 9 with short CIT) and normal kidneys (n = 22) were used for comparison. Perfusion was measured on a 7T small-animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner using flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) ASL-sequences at day 1 and 6 (acute) or at week 3 and 6 (chronic) after surgery. Histological analyses of grafts included inflammation, vascular changes, and fibrosis. RESULTS: In the acute ktx model, ASL showed perfusion impairment in isogenic and allogenic kidney grafts. Perfusion of allografts further decreased until day 6 and remained stable in isografts without rejection (allogenic ktx 62 ± 21 vs. isogenic ktx 181 ± 39 ml/min/100g, P < 0.01). In the chronic ktx model, perfusion in isografts was similar to normal kidneys over the entire observation period. Perfusion was severely reduced in allografts compared to isografts (week 3: 28 ± 7 vs. 310 ± 46 ml/min/100g, P < 0.001, week 6: 32 ± 5 vs. 367 ± 72 ml/min/100g, P < 0.001). Histological analysis revealed severe inflammation, vascular occlusion, and rejection in allografts. Chronic rejection grafts showed endothelialitis, peritubular capillaritis, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy. CONCLUSION: ASL allows longitudinal assessment of renal perfusion impairment due to acute and chronic renal allograft rejection in translational mouse models. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1664-1672.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".