Physiological effects of temperature do not explain prevalence of females in populations of gynodioecious <i>Lobelia siphilitica</i> growing in warmer climates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Gynodioecy is a sexual polymorphism whereby female and hermaphroditic plants co-occur within populations. In many gynodioecious species, stressful abiotic environments are associated with higher frequencies of females. This association suggests that abiotic stress affects the relative fitness of females and hermaphrodites and, thus, the maintenance of gynodioecy. METHODS: families in temperature regimes characteristic of the southern portion of the species' range (where females are common) and the northern portion of the range (where females are rare). We measured physiological and phenological traits that are indicative of heat stress, and fitness components of females and hermaphrodites that could affect the maintenance of gynodioecy. KEY RESULTS: Contrary to expectations if growth at high temperatures is stressful, we found that the hot treatment increased leaf chlorophyll content, decreased the percentage of plants that delayed flowering initiation, and did not affect the quantum efficiency of photosystem II. Growth at high temperatures did not affect the magnitude of the difference in rosette size (a correlate of flower number) between females and hermaphrodites, or the variance in pollen viability among hermaphrodites. CONCLUSIONS: populations were not stressful and did not affect either the fitness of females compared to hermaphrodites or variation in fitness among hermaphrodites. Consequently, further research is necessary to explain correlations between abiotic environmental factors and the frequency of females in this and other gynodioecious species.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".