HPLC Profiling and Evaluation of In-vitro Antioxidant Activity of Cirsium arvense L. (Family: Asteraceae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study evaluated HPLC analysis and in-vitro antioxidant activity of Cirsium arvense commonly known as Canada thistle that has been used to treat various diseases as traditional medicine. The different antioxidant assays such as DPPH free radical scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, reducing power, ferrous ions chelating ability, total phenolic, flavonoids and tannin contents were studied. Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode-array detection was used to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds present in C. arvense. The ethanol extract of Cirsium arvense showed dose-dependent antioxidant activity compared to the standard in different antioxidant activity tests. P-coumaric acid, rutin hydrate, quercetin and kaemferol were identified in the extract. Among the phenolic compounds, quercetin was abundantly present in the extract. Our exploration suggests that C. arvense contains high amount of phenolic compounds which may be responsible for its biological activities in folkloric medicine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".