Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Office of Immigration and Nationality (hereinafter OIN) has conducted a comprehensive research in order to increase the effectiveness of the steps taken to help their integration.The aim of the survey was to determine the number of refugees living in Hungary on a permanent basis and to analyze how successfully they have integrated so far.This study shall summarize the results and conclusions of the survey. Refugees in HungaryFrom the dawn of the regime change in 1989, until 2009 approximately 178.000 people were seeking asylum in our country and around 6500 people received refugee status. 1 The number of those, who received some other kind of protection, is much higher.They received mostly temporary protection and -after the "new" Act on Aliens Policing entered into force in 2002 2 -so called "authorized to stay" status.Unlike the refugee status these statuses are valid only for a specified period of time and are reviewed from periodically by the Hungarian authorities to determine whether the obstacles regarding the return are still prevailing or not.From the second half of the '80s to the first half of the '90s mostly Hungarian asylum seekers (around 50,000 people) arrived from Transylvania.3 After that, from 1991 to 1995 people arrived mostly from the territory of the collapsing Yugoslavia.The approximately 80.000 people fleeing from the South-Slavic wars were mostly of Bosnian origin.4 According to a governmental decision those were eligible for temporary protection whose place of residence was in the war affected area, who denied the military service and their families.5 The Dayton negotiations, the London agreement and the peace agreement in Paris created the fundament of the peace.The development of the peace process was the reason, that after January 1996 Hungary -still providing reception conditions to the earlier arrived ones -did not provide temporary protection for the newly arrived ones.As long as the asylum seekers from Transylvania received Hungarian citizenship within a short period of time, the ones arriving from Yugoslavia -with non-Hungarian origin -returned after the war to their home country or departed to a third country (USA, Canada, Sweden, etc.).6
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".