Gender Dysphoria in Childhood and Adolescence in Italy. Preliminary Data of a Mapping Study.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gender dysphoria (GD) in childhood and adolescence is a complex phenomenon characterized by clinically significant distress due to the incongruence between assigned gender at birth and experienced gender. Gender identity issues among children and adolescents can be highly variable and, in recent years, consensus about the best clinical practice is currently under debate. In several countries (e.g. the Netherlands, Canada, UK, USA) the number of children and adolescents who are referred to gender identity clinics is high and increasing. In Italy, so far, young referrals are scarce. The aim of this research is to understand the reasons of this discrepancy. Carrying out the first mapping of GD in childhood (2-11 years) and adolescence (12-19 years) in Italy, the research group developed an online questionnaire for psychologists, psychotherapists, paediatricians and child psychiatrists. The questionnaire explores clinicians’ knowledge and interest on gender dysphoria, the number of encountered cases and, for each case, the display of GD behaviours. Preliminary findings (from the first three months, answers collected only among psychologists and psychotherapists) showed a numerous rate of answers that made possible the collection of diverse profiles for Italian GD children and adolescents. Moreover, little knowledge about gender dysphoria (along with a clinical interest and need for more information on that topic) was found among psychologists and psychotherapists. Lastly, the questionnaire explored how clinicians have dealt with each case in terms of taking the patient in care or referring him or her to other health professionals or to gender clinics. As expected, referrals to gender clinics resulted very low.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".