20. Metabolic Abnormalities and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Latinos at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Previous work has established a relationship between metabolic abnormalities and poorer health outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. It is likely that metabolic abnormalities, inflammation, and oxidative stress observed in individuals with schizophrenia actually begin to occur prior to the onset of psychosis and may potentially serve as a risk factor in populations at clinical high risk for developing psychosis. Further, in the general population, it has been established that Latino individuals have a higher incidence of metabolic abnormalities than non-Latinos, making CHR Latinos especially vulnerable to the compounded effects of pre-existing metabolic disturbances with added risk of further metabolic disturbance associated with the development of psychosis. In a Clinical Trial of Omega 3 Fatty Acid versus Placebo, baseline cardiometabolic and oxidative stress indices were investigated in a group at Clinical High Risk (CHR) for psychosis from the North American Prodromal Longitudinal Studies (NAPLS). The goal of the present report was to compare cardiometabolic indices in Latino versus non-Latino CHR subjects. Methods: Subjects met CHR criteria per the Structured Interview of Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS), received physical exams and metabolic monitoring prior to randomization into the Omega 3 trial. Antipsychotic medication or history of diabetes were exclusions. Anthropometrical measures, vital signs, glucose, and lipids were assessed. RBC fatty acid composition was analyzed as a measure of dietary Omega-3. Results: The sample included 127 CHR subjects (57.9% male) ages 12–30 (Mean/SD = 18.5/4.6). Latino individuals comprise 82.5% of the sample and 66.7% of the subjects were white. Racial and ethnic groups did not differ significantly by age, sex, smoking history or antipsychotic exposure at baseline. Latinos subjects were more likely to have metabolic syndrome (F = 3.6, P = .016), higher levels of serum glucose (F = 7.7, P = .007), larger abdominal obesity (F= 9.29, P = .003), and have dyslipidemia (F = 4.23, P = .043). Latino subjects had significantly lower omega 3/6 ratio trans (F = 9.12, P = .003) and omega 3/6 ratio nontrans (F = 9.12, P = .003). Conclusion: Significant differences were found between Latino and non-Latino CHR individuals, suggesting Latinos were more likely to suffer from metabolic abnormalities. These abnormalities were significantly associated with greater clinical symptoms and worse functional outcomes. Latino CHR individuals are a vulnerable minority that may suffer greater clinical and functional impairment. Special considerations should be given to this group especially if it is identified that metabolic disturbances are predictive of transition to psychosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".