SA80. Functional MRI Study of Frontal tDCS in Schizophrenia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Individuals with schizophrenia typically suffer a range of cognitive deficits, including in working memory (WM) that is closely related to executive functioning. Such difficulties are strongly predictive of patient outcomes, but there is a lack of effective therapeutic interventions. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a novel neuromodulatory technique with emerging evidence of potential procognitive applications; however, there has been a dearth of understanding of mechanistic effects of this intervention. Methods: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled pilot study of tDCS on a WM task in 28 individuals with schizophrenia using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Study participants received 30 minutes of real or sham tDCS applied to the left frontal cortex. Results: The “real” and “sham” groups did not differ in online WM task performance, but the tDCS group demonstrated significant improvement in performance at 24 hours post-tDCS. Participants demonstrated task-related activation within the WM network including the bilateral middle frontal gyrus, cingulate, and the parietal cortex. The tDCS was associated with increased activation in the medial frontal cortex beneath the anode, showing a positive correlation with consolidated performance 24 hours poststimulation. There was reduced activation in the left cerebellum in the tDCS group, with no change in the middle frontal gyrus or parietal cortices. Improved performance on the Stoop task associated with reduced activity in the anterior cingulate cortex. Conclusion: The neuroimaging changes, observed in the frontal cortex underneath the anode and the correlation with consolidation to task performance data, suggest that tDCS renders affected neuronal populations more likely to respond in line with task-related demands, and it may also impact on more distal nodes in the network, such as the anterior cingulate cortex and cerebellum. The tDCS offers a potential novel approach to modulating frontal cortical activity exerting procognitive effects in schizophrenia
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".