Defining Métis People as a People: Moving Beyond the Indian/Métis Dichotomy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article argues that the legal definition that defines Metis people in opposition to Indian detracts from the goal of recognizing the Metis as a distinct people. The article argues that we ought to de-couple the definitions of Metis and Indian to more strongly recognize Metis as a distinct people. This article considers three intertwined concerns that arise from this dichotomous approach to Metis identity. The first concern is about the “hard line” created in the definition between Indian and Metis, forcing one to be either Indian or Metis. The second concern is that changes to the definition of Indian may impact the definition of Metis, making the two identities contingent and inherently connected. The final related concern is that defining Metis as “not Indian” leads to the question of how distinct Metis culture needs to be from Indian culture for recognition. The article argues that we need to re-centre the definition of Metis on being Metis people based on internal characteristics (who Metis are) and move away from the legal definition of Metis being contingent on the legal definition of Indian (who Metis are not). L’auteure avance que la definition legale utilisee pour decrire les Metis par rapport aux Indiens n’atteint pas l’objectif de reconnaitre les Metis comme peuple distinct. Elle allegue que nous devons dissocier les definitions des termes Metis et Indien pour reconnaitre sans ambiguite que les Metis forment un peuple distinct. Dans l’article, elle examine trois questions liees qui decoulent de cette approche dichotomique de l’identite des Metis. La premiere a trait a la ligne dure entre les definitions des termes Indien et Metis, laquelle oblige les gens a etre l’un ou l’autre, Indien ou Metis. La deuxieme est la possibilite que des modifications a la definition d’Indien aient une incidence sur la definition de Metis, ce qui ferait en sorte que les deux identites dependraient l’une de l’autre et seraient intrinsequement liees. Derniere question : si les Metis devaient etre definis comme n’etant pas des Indiens, il faudrait determiner a quel point leur culture doit differer de la culture indienne pour etre reconnue. L’auteure affirme que nous devons recentrer la definition de Metis a partir du fait que les Metis sont un peuple en se fondant sur des caracteristiques internes (qui sont les Metis) et nous eloigner de la definition legale de Metis qui depend de la definition d’Indien (ce que les Metis ne sont pas).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".