084 Effect of diet complexity and multicarbohydrase on growth performance and intestinal morphology in weaned pigs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of diet complexity and multicarbohydrase (MC) on growth performance and intestinal morphology in newly weaned pigs. One hundred and forty-two piglets (Yorkshire-Landrace × Duroc, initial BW 6.70 ± 0.81 kg) weaned at 21 d of age (1:1 male to female ratio) were assigned to 1 of 6 diets in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments based on diet complexity (complex1, complex2, and simple) and MC addition (0 vs. 0.1g/kg), giving 8 replicates per treatment with 3 pigs per pen. Diets were provided in a 2-phase feeding program with phase I (d 0 to 14) and phase II diets (d 15 to 28). Complex1 contained conventional levels of animal protein sources and dairy products (i.e., whey, skim milk powder, fishmeal, and spray-dried animal plasma), whereas complex2 contained a variety of plant-based ingredients such as distillers dried grains with solubles, millrun, canola meal, peas, and flaxseed meal. The simple diet comprised primarily of corn, wheat, and soybean meal. No interactions were found between diet complexity and MC supplementation (P > 0.10). Pigs fed complex1 had higher (P < 0.01) ADG, ADFI, and G:F than those fed the other diets during the first wk post-weaning. However, no difference in BW was observed for pigs fed complex1 and the simple diet at the end of the experiment (P > 0.10), whereas pigs fed complex1 were heavier than those fed complex2 (P < 0.05). Also, no differences in ADG or ADFI of pigs fed the complex1 and simple diets were observed during the overall experimental period (P > 0.10), but complex2 led to poorer ADG and ADFI than complex1 (P < 0.05). Overall, G:F was higher for pigs fed the simple diet compared to those fed the complex1 (P < 0.01). Pigs fed complex1 had higher ileal villus height:crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio compared to those fed the complex2 or simple diets. Dietary supplementation with MC had no effect on ADG or ADFI (P > 0.10), but it did improve G:F during the overall experimental period, ileal VH, and ileal VH:CD ratio (P < 0.05). In conclusion, weaned pigs fed a simple diet had greater G:F than those fed a conventional complex diet (complex1) without compromising BW, although complex1 improved intestinal morphology in weaned pigs. Also, the addition of MC could be a beneficial feeding strategy for weaned pigs, improving G:F and intestinal morphology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".