Human Milk Oligosaccharide Specificities of Human Galectins. Comparison of Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Glycan Microarray Screening Results
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The affinities of thirty-two free human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) for four human galectin proteins, a stable mutant of hGal1 (hGal-1), a C-terminal fragment of hGal-3 (hGal-3C), hGal-7, and an N-terminal fragment of hGal-9 (hGal-9N), were measured using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The binding data show that each of the four galectins recognize the majority of the HMOs tested (hGal-1 binds thirty-two HMOs, hGal-3C binds twenty-six, hGal-7 binds thirty-one, and hGal-9N binds twenty-six). Twenty-five of the HMOs tested bind all four galectins, with affinities ranging from 10 3 to 10 5 M –1 . The reliability of the ESI-MS assay for quantifying the affinities of HMOs for lectins was established from the agreement found between the ESI-MS data and affinities of a small number of HMOs for hGal-1, hGal-3C, and hGal-7 measured by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Comparison of the relative affinities (of 14 HMOs) measured by ESI-MS with the reported specificities of hGal-1, hGal-3, hGal-7, and hGal-9 for these same HMOs established using the shotgun human milk glycan microarray (HM-SGM-v2) showed fair-to-poor correlation, with evidence of false positives and false negatives in the microarray data. The results of this study suggest that HMO specificities of lectins established using microarrays may not accurately reflect their true HMO-binding properties and that the use of “in solution” assays such as ESI-MS and ITC is to be preferred.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".