Numerical Prediction of Stress-Deformation Behavior for a Bridge Approach Embankment on Soft Compressible Clay
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) approach embankments for a new state highway bridge across the Indian River were founded on 8–9 m of dense sand overlying a 20 m thick layer of soft, normally consolidated, high plasticity clay. Consolidation of the clay was accelerated through an array of prefabricated vertical (PV) drains. The instrumented 13.8 m high fill was monitored during staged construction and for a period of 1.25 years after construction. The embankment settled more than 2 m, while large lateral spreading (~0.5 m) was restrained by overlying sand layers. The available site investigation data was carefully reinterpreted and a 2D finite element analyses was performed using rate-independent, effective stress models (Modified Cam-Clay and MIT-E3). The numerical predictions are generally in very good agreement with measured ground settlements and lateral deflections. This study highlights the importance of careful parameter selection in modeling the performance for soft ground construction in order to predict key features such as the asymmetric lateral spreading of the clay during consolidation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".