195. Relationship Between Prefrontal Glutamate Levels and Functional Activation During Emotional Processing in Individuals With High Schizotypy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Empirical evidence shows that healthy individuals with high schizotypy (HS), who show schizophrenia-like characteristics, present similar but attenuated social and emotional disturbances to patients with schizophrenia. Altered glutamatergic neurotransmission in several limbic areas including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been demonstrated in patients with schizophrenia and individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis and is associated with abnormalities in brain activation during several cognitive tasks. However, despite animal models of psychosis suggesting an association between prefrontal glutamatergic function and corticolimbic response to stress/emotion, the interactions between these abnormalities in man remain unclear. We examined changes in brain glutamate in subjects with HS and whether any such changes are related to corticolimbic response to emotional processing. Methods: Healthy subjects (n = 48) were selected based on their Oxford and Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE) rating. Functional response during an emotional perception task was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging, and glutamate levels in the ACC using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results: While viewing emotional pictures, HS individuals showed greater activation than did subjects with low schizotypy (LS) in the caudate, and marginally in the ACC, hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, and putamen (P < .05 family-wise error corrected). Within the HS, there was a significant negative association between levels of ACC glutamate and striatal, amygdalar, and prefrontal response to emotion (P < .05 family-wise error corrected), which was not present in the LS group. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that emotional hyperresponsivity in people with high schizotypy is related to changes in glutamate levels, adding to accumulating evidence that abnormal neurophysiology and neurochemistry within a prefrontal-temporal–striatal system associated with emotional dysfunction may be central to vulnerability for psychosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".