191 Nutrient digestibility of mash, steam pelleted, and extruded barley and faba bean in growing pigs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Steam pelleting and extrusion are heat processing technologies that can increase the nutritional value of feedstuffs for pigs. Thus, the nutritional quality of barley and faba bean in mash, steam pelleted, and extruded forms was evaluated in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement in growing pigs. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of GE, starch, CP, and AA, the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA and CP, and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE were measured. The 2 feedstuffs were either fed as mash (2.8-mm hammer mill screen), steam pelleted (California Pellet Mill, Crawfordsville, IN), or extruded (X115, Wenger, Sabetha, KS). Seven crossbred ileal-cannulated barrows (54.3 ± 3.9 kg) were fed diets containing 96.5% of each of the 6 test feedstuffs and a N-free diet, in a 7 × 7 Latin square. Pigs were fed at 2.8 × maintenance DE for seven 9-d periods (sequentially 5 d adaptation and 2 d collections of feces and digesta). Data were analyzed by ANOVA using the mixed procedure. The 3 faba bean and 3 barley samples contained (DM basis) 28.2–29.7% and 12.0–12.3% CP, 8.62–9.90% and 4.66–5.73% ADF, and 4.37–4.39 and 4.44–4.46 Mcal/kg GE, respectively. Feedstuffs and processing interacted (P < 0.05) for AID and SID of CP, AA, AID of starch, ATTD of GE, DE value, and predicted NE value. Steam pelleting faba bean increased (P < 0.05) the AID of CP, Ile, Leu, Met, Val, and starch by 3–12%, the SID of these AA and Phe by 3–9% and of CP (84.9% vs. 89.2%), and the predicted NE value (4%), and tended to increase (P = 0.06) the AID of GE (68.8% vs. 73.0%), compared to mash. Extruding faba bean increased (P < 0.05) the AID of Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Thr, Val, and starch by 3–10%, and the SID of these AA by 3–9%, and tended to increase (P = 0.06) the AID of GE (68.8% vs. 72.8%), compared to mash. Steam pelleting barley increased (P < 0.05) the ATTD of GE (80.4% vs. 82.9%), DE value, and predicted NE value compared to mash. Extruding barley increased (P < 0.05) the ATTD of GE (80.4% vs. 83.1%), DE value, and predicted NE value compared to mash. The greater efficacy of heat processing for faba bean than barley indicates that the protein and starch matrix is more resistant to digestion in ground faba bean than in ground barley.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".