Modification of KNO<sub>3</sub> on the reducibility and reactivity of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>‐based oxygen carriers for chemical‐looping combustion of methane
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work presented a comparative study on the Fe 2 O 3 ‐based oxygen carriers modified by different potassium salts (i.e. KNO 3 , K 3 PO 4 , KOH, K 2 CO 3 ) for chemical looping combustion of methane (CLC with methane). The effect of Al 2 O 3 support on the reactivity of Fe 2 O 3 was also investigated. The Fe 2 O 3 ‐based oxygen carriers were prepared by a co‐precipitation method and the potassium salts were added via an incipient wetness impregnation method. The obtained oxygen carriers were characterized by XRD, XPS, H 2 ‐TPR, and CH 4 ‐TPR technologies. It was found that the presence of KNO 3 could improve the reducibility of the Fe 2 O 3 ‐based oxygen carrier in the surface, resulting in relatively high selectivity towards CO 2 during the CLC with methane. The content of KNO 3 also affected the reactivity of oxygen carriers, and 10 % KNO 3 /Fe 2 O 3 sample showed the best activity. Moreover, it was also demonstrated that the addition of Al 2 O 3 support into the 10 % KNO 3 /Fe 2 O 3 oxygen carrier could improve its redox performance, and the stability of 10 % KNO 3 /Fe 2 O 3 /Al 2 O 3 was proved to be favourable after twenty successive cycles for CLC with methane.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".