Parenting Self-Efficacy Among Japanese Mothers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
International comparisons find that Japanese mothers are generally effective in supporting their children’s social, emotional, and cognitive development. Yet, many appear to lack a sense of efficacy in the role of parent compared to mothers in other industrialized countries. To explore this paradox, we designed a study to examine the following sources of self-efficacy in Japanese mothers: representations of their childhood relationships with mother and father, satisfaction with current social support, and level of education. Participants were 116 Japanese women with children enrolled in the last year of preschool. They participated in an interview and completed a questionnaire. Higher parenting self-efficacy was predicted by a more positive representation of childhood relationships and greater satisfaction with current amount and quality of support by the husband and other relatives. Mother’s level of education was not a significant predictor of self-efficacy. Factors associated with Japanese mothers’ parenting self-efficacy are consistent with theoretical predictions. The construct of parenting self-efficacy appears to be useful in understanding relation dynamics in Japanese families.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".