Attracting Scandinavian Investments to North America - A Study and Marketing Proposal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of the study, commissioned by the Canadian city of St. Catharines, is to define how to develop the city’s foreign inward investment promotion actions. St. Catharines has a strategically good location in Ontario, only minutes away from the U.S. border. The proximity of the vast North American market is a clear advantage and the city is using this benefit in its marketing plans, attracting European companies to relocate in St. Catharines. A cost competitive business environment and a pleasant and safe living environment associates St. Catharines with Nordic and Baltic countries. After examining the Baltic and Nordic countries Sweden and Denmark turned out to be the most potential areas for future studies. These two countries are highly export oriented. Because of the small size of domestic markets, companies start to internationalize relatively early. Consequently the Scandinavia is a potential business partner for the city of St. Catharines, which can draw attention as a gateway to North America. Automotives, life sciences, information technologies and environmental technologies are important in Sweden and in Denmark, the same being true also in Ontario, making the areas compatible partners. Inward investment promotion is a complex task, requiring deep knowledge of the target group. The marketing message has to be customized for the specific audience to be able to reach wanted outcomes. Examining St. Catharines with the Scandinavian point of view led into several action proposals. St. Catharines is located between two major markets, and the city promotes itself as a gateway to North America. St. Catharines is a relatively unknown place to Europeans, and an efficient inward investment marketing plan is needed to raise the awareness about the city and the services it can provide. The most potential Swedish or Danish firms for St. Catharines are the small and medium-sized companies, who appreciate the help and the support given by the city. Export group projects, where companies join forces and hire a mutual export manager, have drawn several Finnish businesses to the area. Small companies find the export groups useful, because of the efficient use of their limited financial resources. The better the city is known, the more it can attract newcomers. Associating St. Catharines with surrounding big cities in Canada can raise interest among desirable target groups. A list of Danish and Swedish organizations, such as Embassies and Export Associations, provides right contacts for future promotion. In addition to regional marketing and other traditional means, the export group method which has already been productive in St. Catharines, is encouraged to be used to attract companies. Keywords: Internationalization, export groups, investment promotion, economic geographies
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".