Bibliographic record
Abstract
Motherhood is central to women’s lived experiences. It affects women’s ability to integrate into the labour market, particularly the primary labour market, which has more secure and better-paying jobs. The Canadian government’s employment and childcare policies assume that women can actively choose when to enter the labour market. But women do not have free choice regarding either social reproduction or wage work. The insufficient federal childcare program (Little, 2004; Mikkonen & Raphael, 2010) along with work interruptions and job choices linked to childcare (Krahn, Lowe, & Huges, 2008) are barriers that push women toward precarious employment in the secondary labour market of low-paid, part-time, and temporary jobs. These policies leave few choices for women; only women in upper socioeconomic strata have adequate resources and choices related to their employment (Little, 2004). Employment challenges are compounded for women who have intersecting identities pertaining to factors like gender, motherhood, marital status, socioeconomic status, age, race, and immigrant status. This qualitative study uses an intersectional approach to explore the lived experiences of 26 unemployed women from diverse backgrounds in two Canadian cities and the challenges they face. The study found that neoliberal policies have resulted in a lack of support for unemployed women with respect to Employment Insurance, health care, childcare, job training, and the labour market, leading to employment precarity and consequently inferior living conditions and jeopardized health, with a greater impact on mothers and women with specific intersecting identities. This paper proposes policy modifications to improve the situation of unemployed mothers. Resume La maternite joue un role important dans la vie de beaucoup de femmes. Elle peut avoir un impact important sur l’integration du marche du travail , particulierement le marche du travail principal, qui donne acces a des emplois mieux remuneres et ayant une plus grande securite d’emploi. Les politiques de l’emploi et de la garde des enfants du gouvernement canadien presupposent que les femmes peuvent choisir quand elles integrent le marche du travail. Cependant, le programme de garde des enfants federal inadequat (Little, 2004; Mikkonen & Raphael, 2010), ainsi que les interruptions de travail, et les choix d’emploi relies a la garde des enfants (Krahn, Lowe, & Huges, 2008), demeurent des obstacles qui poussent les femmes vers des emplois precaires offerts dans le secteur secondaire d’emploi : emplois temporaires, a temps partiel et a faible remuneration. Ces politiques donnent donc moins de choix pour beaucoup de femmes; seules les femmes appartenant a la strate socioeconomique elevee se trouvent avoir des ressources adequates et des choix relies a leur emploi (Little, 2004). Les enjeux relies a l’emploi se trouvent etre exacerbes pour les femmes qui, de plus, ont des identites multiples relatives au genre, a la maternite, a l’etat civil, au statu socioeconomique, a l’âge, a la race, et au statu d’immigrante recue. Cette etude qualitative utilise une approche intersectionelle pour explorer les experiences vecues de 26 femmes de diverses origines et sans emploi, dans deux villes canadiennes, afin de mettre en evidence les obstacles auxquels elles font face. Nous concluons que les politiques neoliberales ont eues comme resultat un manque de support pour les femmes sans emploi en ce qui a trait a l’assurance emploi, a la sante, a la garde des enfants, a la formation professionnelle, et au marche de travail. Ceci a mene ala precarite d’emploi, et par consequence, a des conditions de vies inferieures et une sante compromis pour ces femmes. Le plus grand impact se trouve etre pour les femmes ayant des identites multiples. Cet article suggere et defend des modifications aux politiques existantes afin d’ameliorer la situation des meres sans emploi. Mots-clefs : maternite; travail; chomage
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".