Investigation of the effect mutations of CaM have upon in vitro and ex vivo function
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein that has promiscuous regulatory interactions with over three hundred intracellular protein targets. The focus of this study was to characterize the functional role of phosphorylated CaM in vitro and calcium-deficient CaM (Apo-CaM) ex vivo. In the in vitro study, the effect of phosphorylated CaM on the binding and activation of CaM target proteins was analyzed using mammalian Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS). NOS is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline and •NO. In addition, the activation of NOS by modified CaM proteins was also analyzed in the presence of a CaM binding peptide, PEP-19. \nProtein trafficking experiments were performed ex vivo to extend our understanding of Apo-CaM’s functional role in mammalian cells. The cell lines that were used in this investigation include mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (mESC), Human Umbilical Vein Endothelia Cells (HUVEC) and Human Neuronal Glioma Cells (HNGC). \nThe major finding of this projects are: phosphorylation of selective CaM residues can attenuated NOS activity, electrostatic interactions are important in the activation of iNOS by CaM, and the activation of iNOS by CaM occurs in a calcium-dependent manner
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".