SU48. A Comparison of Psychotic Symptoms in Subjects With Cocaine or Methamphetamine Dependence vs Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The psychostimulant drugs, cocaine and methamphetamine, are potent, indirect dopamine receptor agonists. Sustained use of high doses of these drugs can result in psychotic symptoms in a large proportion of individuals. However, there is a shortage of information about how this type of drug-induced psychosis compares to the psychotic symptoms associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The aim of the present study was to compare psychotic symptoms in cocaine- or methamphetamine-dependent subjects vs subjects with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, in a cohort living in a common environment. Methods: We recruited 153 subjects meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for cocaine dependence, 38 with methamphetamine dependence, and 57 with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Psychotic symptoms were assessed with the PANSS and analyzed using a 5-factor model (positive, negative, disorganized, excitement, and anxiety/depression factors). All participants were also assessed for physical and mental illnesses as well as recent substance use. Results: For total PANSS scores, the cocaine (65.6 ± 14.5) and methamphetamine (70.8 ± 15.3) dependent groups did not differ significantly, but the schizophrenia spectrum group was notably more psychotic (87.8 ± 20.7) (P < .001). Comparing the groups on the 5 separate factors, significant differences were only observed on the positive, negative, and disorganized subscales, in which the schizophrenia spectrum subjects were the most psychotic, followed by the methamphetamine-dependent group. The groups differed on a number of other variables, including age (cocaine group older), HIV/HCV infection (more common in cocaine group), and cannabis dependence (less common in cocaine group). Conclusion: In the present study, we have directly compared psychotic symptoms in 2 different types of psychostimulant dependence and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, with individuals who cohabit a shared environment. The schizophrenia spectrum group was markedly more psychotic, which was reflected in greater severity of positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms. While groups differed across a number of different demographic and substance use variables, those were unlikely to account for the large difference in psychotic symptoms between the groups. In the present cohort, schizophrenia spectrum disorders are therefore associated with greater psychotic symptoms than cocaine or methamphetamine dependence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".