Self-conscious emotions in response to physical activity success and failure: Findings from a global 112-day pedometer intervention
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Self-conscious emotions are critical in the attainment of socially valued goals, whereby failure to meet goals is associated with shame and guilt, and successful goal attainment is associated with pride. Despite the inherently goal-directed and social nature of physical activity, there is limited research examining the function of self-conscious emotions in physical activity contexts. In this study, changes in exercise-related self-conscious emotions were examined as a function of goal attainment in a long-term physical activity intervention. The intervention consisted of a 112-day team-based activity to reach a daily step count goal of 10,000 steps per day. Participants (N = 17,769; Mage = 42.9, SD = 10.47; 48.2% female) recorded their daily step count and completed pre- and post- assessments of emotional tendencies in response to exercise failure (i.e., shame, guilt), and exercise success (i.e., pride). A mixed ANOVA model controlling for age and gender revealed a significant interaction effect between time and goal attainment for all emotions, Wilks' λ = .99, F (3, 17763) = 14.04, p < .001. Compared to individuals who succeeded in achieving their step goal on more than half of the intervention days, individuals who failed to achieve their step goal reported increased guilt, F(1, 17765) = 32.97, p < .001, shame, F(1, 17765) = 18.83, p < .001, and pride, F(1, 17765) = 14.61, p < .001. The observed increase in both negative and positive emotions in the low achievement group may be due to the nature of the intervention, which increases awareness of failed and successful achievements by both self and others. Overall, these findings highlight the unique functions of self-conscious emotions for attaining socially valued physical activity goals.Acknowledgments: Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council CGS Doctoral Scholarships awarded to first and third authors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".