279 Pigs receiving daily tailored diets have different amino acid requirements than pigs raised in conventional phase feeding systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is a large variation in nutrient requirements among pigs, and therefore, individually feeding pigs with daily tailored diets may require different nutrient levels than when pigs are feed in groups with a single feed. Therefore, the response to different levels of Thr:Lys ratio (70, 85, 100, 115, and 130% of the 0.65 Thr:Lys ideal ratio) was studied in growing pigs raised in conventional group feeding (GF) systems or individually fed using precision feeding (PF) techniques. A 21-d trial was performed in a 2 × 5 factorial design with 110 pigs (25 kg BW ± 0.80; 11 pigs per treatment) housed in the same pen and fed using electronic feeders. Individual pigs were the experimental units. Lysine was provided at 90% and AA other than Lys and Thr were provided at 110% or more of the estimated requirements. Protein deposition (PD) was estimated using dual X-ray absorptiometry at d 1 and 21. Blood samples were collected on d 21 after 8 h of fasting, and 5 pigs per treatment were slaughtered. The chemical composition of the longissimus dorsi and other carcass muscles were estimated by near-infrared transmittance. The MIXED and NLIN procedures of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) were used to analyze the data and obtain optimal Thr: Lys ratios. Threonine intake linearly increased in PF and GF (6.28 to 11.76 vs. 6.85 to 11.01 g/d; P < 0.05). Lysine intake was similar (12.5 g/d) across treatments. The intersection of the linear-plateau and quadratic-plateau models for PD was obtained in GF pigs at 150 g/d and 0.65 Thr:Lys ratio whereas maximal PD was not reached in PF pigs (126 to 159 g/d). Plasma methionine and serine levels were, respectively, 11 and 7% higher in PF pigs than in GF pigs (P < 0.05). Carcass muscle CP was 2% higher in GF pigs (18.1%) than in PF pigs (17.8%; P < 0.05). Longissimus dorsi collagen tended to decrease with increasing dietary Thr in PF and GF pigs (0.61 to 0.45% vs. 0.55 to 0.54%; P < 0.10). Plasma albumin increased with the level of Thr in PF and GF pigs (29.1 to 34.9 g/L vs. 30.8 to 32.5 g/L; P < 0.05), indicating a possible defective albumin synthesis at lower Thr levels. Altogether, the Thr:Lys ratio that maximizes growing pig responses differs between conventional and precision feeding systems, and therefore, actual Thr:Lys ideal ratios may not be optimal for pigs fed with daily tailored diets.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".