Tidal Height Retrieval Using Globally Corrected GPS in the Amundsen Gulf Region of the Canadian Arctic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The recent evolution of global Wide Area Differential GPS (WADGPS) networks has greatly increased the already high level of interest in GPS technologies by the hydrographic community. The aim of this paper is to evaluate one of these WADGPS systems, the C & C Technologies Globally Corrected GPS (GcGPS) C-Nav, as an instrument for tidal height retrieval in the Canadian Arctic. The C-Nav receiver was mounted aboard the Canadian Coast Guard Ship (CCGS) Amundsen for her 14-month over-wintering expedition in the Northwest Passage. C-Nav height data were collected in Franklin Bay, North West Territories, over February to April 2004. Data were collected over a 40-day period to ensure the capture of all significant wavelength tidal effects. As a ‘true’ vertical reference, Knudsen K320 sub-bottom profiling sonar depth data were collected. The 1 Hz CNav data were processed and decimated down to 6-minute epochs, thus speeding the filter processing to obtain realtime data latency. Over the course of the research period, the standard deviation of the C-Nav data was 4.3 cm, when compared to the ‘true’ tidal signature given by the K320. This level of positioning is commensurate with International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Special Order surveys. In addition, the benefits of the C-Nav solution were apparent in capturing the phase lag of the tides due to sea ice effects. Tidal predictions using common software applications such as the Unix based program Xtide, yielded standard deviations of 5.3 cm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".