Particle resolved simulations of liquid/solid and gas/solid fluidized beds
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present work studies particle resolved simulations of liquid/solid and gas/solid fluidization in a cuboid domain with periodic lateral boundary conditions. The focus is on investigating particles’ dynamics, while a particular care is devoted to the spatial grid resolution and statistical time convergence of the results. A statistical analysis of particles’ motion and fluid fluctuations asserts the intrinsic differences in the flow characteristics and mixing properties of these two configurations. Results reveal anisotropic mechanisms driving particles’ motion and highlight the dominance of diffusive and convective mechanisms in liquid/solid and gas/solid regimes, respectively. Following a framework similar to that of Nicolai et al. [“Particle velocity fluctuations and hydrodynamic self-diffusion of sedimenting non-Brownian spheres,” Phys. Fluids 7(1), 12–23 (1995)], we estimate the correlation time and the fluctuation length of particles’ motion. A force budget analysis is discussed to gain more insight into the role of collision in isotropization of the system. Owing to the wide range of employed grid resolutions and accurate error analysis, the present dataset is also deemed to be useful in calibrating the grid resolution for a desired accuracy of the solution in a fluidization configuration.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it