266 Porcine in vitro digestion and fermentation characteristics of corn wet distiller's grains and distiller's dried grains with solubles without or with multicarbohydrase
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine porcine in vitro digestion and fermentation characteristics of wet distiller's grains and distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) without or with multicarbohydrase (Superyme-CS; Canadian Bio-Systems Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada) that supplied 9,600 units of xylanase, 1,200 units of glucanase, 4,000 units of cellulase, 480 units of mannanase, 5,600 units of invertase, 40,000 units of protease, and 96,000 units of amylase per kilogram of feedstuff. Four-gram samples were weighed into conical flasks (5 flasks per treatment) and hydrolyzed in 2 steps using pepsin and pancreatin. Similar to the in vivo method of pigs, it is not known if the multicarbohydrase survived the digestion process. Subsequently, residues were incubated in a buffer solution with minerals and fresh pig feces as inoculum. Gas production was measured for 72 h and modeled to estimate kinetics of gas production. Concentration of VFA per unit weight of residue incubated or feedstuff was measured in fermented solutions. On a DM basis, the wet distiller's grains and DDGS contained 39.63 and 31.84% CP, respectively, and 8.1 and 9.1% ether extract, respectively. In vitro digestibility of DM (IVDDM) of wet distiller's grains (50.6%) was similar to that of DDGS (48.7%). Multicarbohydrase supplementation did not affect the IVDDM of wet distiller's grains or DDGS. Total gas production of residue incubated for wet distiller's grains was similar to that of DDGS (108.9 vs. 120.2 mL/g DM). Multicarbohydrase supplementation tended to increase (P = 0.088) total gas production of residue incubated for DDGS. However, multicarbohydrase did not affect the total gas production of residue incubated for wet distiller's grains. Wet distiller's grains and DDGS were similar in degradation rate of incubated residue. There was no effect of multicarbohydrase supplementation on degradation rate of incubated residue for wet distiller's grains or DDGS. Total VFA production of residue incubated for wet distiller's grains was similar to that of DDGS (6.73 vs. 6.52 mmol/g DM). Also, wet distiller's grains and DDGS were similar in individual VFA production of incubated residue. Multicarbohydrase did not affect the total or individual VFA production of residue incubated for wet distiller's grains or DDGS. In conclusion, the wet distiller's grains were more digestible than DDGS. In conclusion, the wet distiller's grains and DDGS were similar in in vitro digestibility and fermentability. The multicarbohydrase used in the current study may marginally improve in vitro digestibility of DDGS for pigs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".