Salvianolic acid B: In vitro and in vivo effects on the immune system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder with a strong inflammatory component. Autoreactive cells specifically target insulin-producing ?-cells, which leads to loss of glucose homeostasis. T1D remains incurable and versatile; potentially beneficial therapeutics are being tested worldwide. Possible candidates for the treatment of autoimmune diabetes are plants and their extracts since they are rich in biophenols, substances that act as secondary metabolites, and have verified antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects. Salvianolic acid B (SalB) is a biophenol and one of the major constituents of Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Greek oregano) extracts which in our previous studies was shown to exhibit an antidiabetic effect in mice. The aim of the present study was to determine whether SalB is responsible for the observed effects of Greek oregano extracts. SalB was applied in vitro to macrophages and lymphocytes isolated from C57BL/6 mice, as well as in vivo in the model of T1D induced by multiple low doses (MLD) of streptozotocin (STZ). SalB did not affect the viability of cells, but it significantly decreased secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, as well as the secretion of IFN-? in concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated lymphocytes. However, when applied in vivo, SalB at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg b.w., applied for 10 consecutive days, failed to protect mice from diabetes development. In conclusion, SalB exerts immunomodulatory effects in vitro, but is not effective in prevention of T1D in vivo. It probably requires cooperation with some other substances for the maximum efficacy exhibited by oregano extracts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".