Association between Brain and Kidney Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Early Postresuscitation Mortality in Asphyxiated Newborn Piglets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Early outcome predictors after delivery room cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of asphyxiated newborns are needed. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To investigate if cerebral (rScO<sub>2</sub>) and renal (rSrO<sub>2</sub>) tissue oxygen saturation 30 min after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) are different between surviving versus nonsurviving piglets with asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest and CPR. Further, to investigate the relationship of rScO<sub>2</sub> and rSrO<sub>2</sub> to cardiac output (CO), blood pressure (BP), and biochemical variables 30 min and 4 h after ROSC. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Anesthetized, mechanically ventilated piglets (1-3 days, 1.7-2.4 kg) were used. rScO<sub>2</sub>, rSrO<sub>2</sub>, SpO<sub>2</sub>, right common carotid artery flow, and arterial BP were measured continuously. CO was measured with echocardiography. The piglets were asphyxiated until cardiac arrest and resuscitated. Piglets that survived 4 h after ROSC (<i>n</i> = 12) were compared with piglets that died before planned euthanasia at 4 h (<i>n</i> = 13). Left ventricular, and kidney and brain tissue lactate were analyzed. Correlations between variables were assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty minutes after ROSC, median rSrO<sub>2</sub> (43% [<i>n</i> = 10] vs. 25% [<i>n</i> = 2], <i>p</i> = 0.003) but not rScO<sub>2</sub> (46% [41-55] [<i>n</i> = 10] vs. 40% [22-45] [<i>n</i> = 5], <i>p</i> = 0.08) was higher in survivors than in nonsurvivors. Arterial lactate was negatively correlated and pH positively correlated with rScO<sub>2</sub> and rSrO<sub>2</sub>. Left ventricular, but not kidney or brain lactate was negatively correlated with rScO<sub>2</sub> and rSrO<sub>2</sub>. There was no correlation between CO or BP and rScO<sub>2</sub> or rSrO<sub>2</sub>. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Despite satisfactory CO and BP vital organ oxygenation can be poor. Tissue oxygen saturation, pH, and lactate, as measures of anaerobic metabolism, may reflect vital organ oxygenation and outcome.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".