Finite element modeling of non-equilibrium fluid-wall interaction beyond the continuum regime
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The numerical modeling of the aerodynamic interactions at high-altitudes and high-Mach numbers is considered in view of its importance when studying problems where the continuum hypothesis at the foundation of the Navier-Stokes equations becomes invalid. One of the difficulties associated with these flight conditions is that both the velocity and the temperature of the fluid do not abide by the no - slip conditions at the wall. A weak-Galerkin Finite Element formulation of the Maxwell-Smoluchowsky model is introduced to discretize the velocity slip and temperature jump conditions with better accuracy than the standard Finite Element approximation. The methodology is assessed on configurations such as cylinders and spheres for flow conditions ranging from quasi-equilibrium to non-equilibrium. Improvements are observed in the slip regime compared to available data. Nonetheless, the results in the transition regime highlight the need for more sophisticated physical modeling to address non-equilibrium at the wall.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".