Vibration velocity of X-section cast-in-place concrete (XCC) pile–raft foundation model for a ballastless track
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents two case studies of the dynamic response of a ballastless track, X-section cast-in-place concrete (XCC) pile–raft (referred to as BTXPR) foundation embedded in sand subsoil. Model tests were conducted at a scale of 1/5 using a 7 m deep box with cross-sectional dimensions of 5 m × 4 m. In one case the box was filled with subsoil consisting of air-dried sand, whereas in the other case the box was filled with saturated sand. The tests involved measurement and analysis of the response in velocity under different applied cyclic load frequencies. It has been shown that the magnitude and variation of vibration velocity in the BTXPR foundation are closely related to the degree of saturation of the subsoil. Due to the existence of pore water in the saturated sand subsoil, the first natural frequency of the BTXPR foundation embedded in saturated sand is 5 Hz lower than that in air-dried sand. In addition, the amplitude of vibration velocity of the BTXPR foundation embedded in the saturated sand is about 9%∼36% higher than that of the air-dried sand. The research results provide an insight into BTXPR foundations with respect to theoretical analysis and calculation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".