Efficiency of riboflavin and ultraviolet light treatment against high levels of biofilm‐derived <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> in buffy coat platelet concentrates
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and Objectives Staphylococcus epidermidis forms surface‐attached aggregates (biofilms) in platelet concentrates ( PC s), which are linked to missed detection during PC screening. This study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of riboflavin‐ UV treatment to inactivate S. epidermidis biofilms in buffy coat ( BC ) PC s. Materials and Methods Biofilm and non‐biofilm cells from S. epidermidis ST ‐10002 and S. epidermidis AZ ‐66 were individually inoculated into whole blood ( WB ) units (~10 6 colony‐forming units ( CFU )/ ml ) ( N = 4–5). One spiked and three unspiked WB units were processed to produce a BC ‐ PC pool. Riboflavin was added to the pool which was then split into two bags: one for UV treatment and the second was untreated. Bacterial counts were determined before and after treatment. In vitro PC quality was assessed by flow cytometry and dynamic light scattering. Results Bacterial counts were reduced during BC ‐ PC production from ~10 6 CFU / ml in WB to 10 3 –10 4 CFU / ml in PC s ( P < 0·0001). Riboflavin‐ UV treatment resulted in significantly higher reduction of S. epidermidis AZ ‐66 than strain ST ‐10002 (≥3·5 log reduction and 2·6–2·8 log reduction, respectively, P < 0·0001). Remaining bacteria post‐treatment were able to proliferate in PC s. No differences in S. epidermidis inactivation were observed in PC s produced from WB inoculated with biofilm or non‐biofilm cells ( P > 0·05). Platelet activation was enhanced in PC s produced with WB inoculated with biofilms compared to non‐biofilm cells ( P < 0·05). Conclusion Riboflavin‐ UV treatment was similarly efficacious in PC s produced from WB inoculated with S. epidermidis biofilm or non‐biofilm cells. Levels of biofilm‐derived S. epidermidis ≥10 3 CFU / ml were not completely inactivated; however, further testing is necessary with lower (real‐life) bacterial levels.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it