A novel<scp>PCR</scp>‐based genetic marker shows that sex of offspring does not account for hatch‐order effects on growth, survival and dominance in Pūkeko<i>Porphyrio melanotus melanotus</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intra‐brood competition can influence a variety of fitness‐related traits in birds. Previous research on the joint‐nesting PūkekoPorphyrio melanotus melanotus, a New Zealand subspecies of Australasian Swamphen, showed that chicks that hatched earlier in a brood tended to grow faster, were more likely to survive and had higher dominance status as adults than later hatched nest‐mates. However, this finding could be due to changes in offspring sex ratio across hatch order (e.g. if males tend to hatch earlier), which was not previously examined because of methodological challenges associated with sexing nestling Pūkeko. Here, we report a usefulPCR‐based genetic marker to determine the sex of Pūkeko. We then used new sex‐specific data to re‐examine patterns of offspring growth, survival and dominance. We found that the sex of offspring does not account for the hatching‐order patterns related to social dominance, growth or survival. Furthermore, changes in offspring sex ratio across hatching‐order were negligible and offspring sex ratios did not differ significantly between the primary female and secondary female broods (in joint‐clutch nests), or when comparing primary female and single female broods. We found no clear evidence for sex ratio bias according to hatching‐order and conclude that hatching‐order and not offspring sex explain patterns of growth, survivorship and adult dominance in Pūkeko.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".