Daughters and Wives as Informal Care Givers of the Chronically Ill Elderly in Trinidad
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to determine the health and social situations of persons in Trinidad who were providing informal care for the chronically ill elderly during the period, March to August 1998. The research also sought to ascertain the main concerns of the care givers in their care giving role. One hundred care givers in North, Central and South Trinidad were chosen using the convenience sampling method. Care givers selected had to be at least eighteen (18) years old and residing in their own homes or in the home of the.cared. The care givers ranged in age from 20-89 years. Eighty two percent (82%) of the care givers were females with wives, daughters and daughters-in-law being the main care givers. The differences in care giving relationships by ethnic groups were statistically significant (p=0.021) Fifty percent (50%) of the care givers reported their health to be good. The main health conditions the others reported were hypertension (14%), diabetes (9%) and arthritis (18%). The main concern which the care givers reported was stress (50%). The study revealed that care-giving was perceived by most of these care givers to be extremely stressful. Daughters, daughters-in-law and wives bore the greatest burden of care and desired greater assistance from family members and friends.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".