Endocrine Comorbidities in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: A Population-based Case-controlled Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate endocrine comorbidities in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed with the database of Clalit Health Services, the largest healthcare provider in Israel, between 2002 and 2014. Patients with PsA were identified and matched by age and sex to healthy controls. The following morbidities were analyzed: hypo/hyperthyroidism, hypo/hyperparathyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, Cushing disease, Addison disease, diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus (DM), pituitary adenoma, acromegaly, and osteoporosis. Descriptive statistics were applied. The associations between PsA and endocrine comorbidities were analyzed by univariable and multivariable analysis. RESULTS: The study included 3161 patients with PsA, 53.4% women, mean age 58.4 ± 15.4 years, and 31,610 controls. Comparative analyses yielded higher proportion of hypothyroidism (12.7% vs 8.6%, p < 0.0001), Cushing disease (0.3% vs 0.1%, p < 0.0001), osteoporosis (13.2% vs 9.1%, p < 0.0001), and DM (27.9% vs 20.7%, p < 0.0001) in the PsA group compared with the control group. In the multivariable regression analysis, the following diseases were more frequent in the PsA group: hypothyroidism (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.47-1.81), DM (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.18-1.42), Cushing disease (OR 3.96, 95% CI 1.67-9.43), and osteoporosis (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.37-1.78). CONCLUSION: PsA is associated with a high frequency of hypothyroidism, osteoporosis, DM, and Cushing disease. Awareness of these comorbidities may help physicians provide the optimal medical care to patients with PsA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".