Sensitivity Pattern of Femtosecond Laser Micromachined and Plasma-Processed In-Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometers, as Applied to Small-Scale Refractive Index Sensing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A highly sensitive refractive index (RI) sensor based on an in-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer is discussed. The sensor is fabricated by femtosecond laser in a single-mode fiber. A cylindrical cavity is micromachined in the fiber cladding and partly in the fiber core, forming an interferometric structure. We have found that when the spectral response of the structure to RI is considered, a periodic pattern is observed and the sensitivity highly increases with RI and reaches over 23 000 nm/RIU within the RI range of 1.4200-1.4400 RIU. Moreover, during the measurement of cavities with diameters in the order of tens of micrometers, we found the cavity-filling process to be both difficult and time-consuming, especially when high-RI liquids are being investigated. We therefore applied reactive ion etching in oxygen plasma, which significantly changed the wettability of the cavity's surface and enabled fast cavity filling with any investigated liquid. Due to its ultra-high sensitivity and capability for investigating sub-nanoliter volumes of liquids, the sensor could be well suited for chemical and bio-sensing applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".