Studies of Residual Stress in Single-Row Countersunk Riveted Lap Joints
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Variations of stress and strain from the riveting process through the tensile loading stage in lap joints with a single countersunk rivet were studied experimentally and numerically. The joint specimen consisted of two 2.03 mm thick 2024-T3 Al alloy bare sheets and one 2117-T4 Al alloy countersunk MS20426AD8-9 rivet. A force-controlled riveting method was employed to install the rivets in the joints using three different rivet squeeze forces, 35.59 kN, 44.48 kN, and 53.38 kN. After releasing the squeeze forces, the lap joints were then loaded in tension to a maximum stress of 98.5 MPa. In-situ micro-strain gauges were used to measure the strain variations during the entire loading sequence. Three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) models were generated to simulate the experimental set up. The material elasto-plastic constitutive relationship and geometric non-linear properties as well as nonlinear contact boundary conditions were included in the numerical simulations. The numerical modeling techniques were validated using the experimental data. The residual minimum principal stress resulting from the riveting process and maximum principal stress when the joints were in tension determined from the FE analyses are present. The stress variations along a prescribed path are also presented. The aim of the research is to develop an accurate 3D numerical technique to study the residual stress and strain as well as the stress and strain variations that occur during the entire loading history.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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