Bibliographic record
Abstract
Health Canada, the national department responsible for regulating food, health and consumer products to keep Canadians safe, published the Guidance Document: Information and Submission Requirements for Biosimilar Biologic Drugs on 14 November 2016 to update its framework for the market authorization of biosimilars in Canada. Biosimilars are the off-patent copies of biologics, a class of therapeutic agents derived from complex organic processing. Biosimilars are only "similar and not identical" to their reference biologic because biologics cannot be perfectly duplicated. As a result, biosimilars may not have the same safety profile as their reference biologic. As a number of biologics will be coming off patent in the coming years, Health Canada's goal was to prepare by updating and clarifying the process surrounding market authorization.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.062 | 0.116 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.032 | 0.021 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.013 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".