Further Characterization of the Bifunctional HIV Entry Inhibitor sCD4-FI T45
Bibliographic record
Abstract
HIV entry into target cells is a highly sequential and time-sensitive process. In recent years, potent HIV Env-targeting antibodies, such as VRC01, have been identified. However, antibodies bind only to a single epitope, and mutations that confer resistance to antibody-mediated inhibition of HIV entry have been detected. In contrast, HIV cannot escape from binding to soluble CD4 (sCD4) without a fitness disadvantage. sCD4 has the unique ability to induce conformational changes within the HIV envelope glycoproteins (Env) that allow fusion inhibitors to bind. We have previously linked sCD4 to the fusion inhibitor FI T45 (sCD4-FI T45 ) and examined delivery of the bifunctional entry inhibitor via gene therapy. Here, we extend our studies and analyze the ability of sCD4-FI T45 to inhibit HIV Env-mediated cell fusion and HIV entry of several primary isolates. sCD4-FI T45 inhibited both cell fusion and HIV entry with remarkable antiviral activity. The mean 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 ) for sCD4-FI T45 were <0.2 μg/mL in both assays. Importantly, inhibition by sCD4-FI T45 was more potent than by VRC01, sCD4, or the previously described bifunctional protein sCD4-scFv 17b . In contrast to sCD4, sCD4-FI T45 as well as VRC01 and sCD4-scFv 17b did not mediate cell fusion between HIV Env + and CD4 − CCR5 + cells. The results presented here provide further evidence for the testing of sCD4-FI T45 and development of bifunctional proteins based on the sCD4-fusion inhibitor architecture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".