Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Serious malformations of the face present at birth are due to disturbances of embryonic development. Formation of the face begins during the fifth week post conception, and by 7 weeks, the lip is completely fused and continuous. The secondary palate forms between 7 and 11 weeks and is influenced by the growth of the surrounding head. Early disruption of lip and palate morphogenesis gives rise to severe orofacial clefts, whereas later disturbances cause microforms of clefting. Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is linked to polymorphisms in multiple genes and influences from the environment. In contrast, syndromic facial anomalies are attributed to defined changes in the genome and are accompanied by deficiencies in several organ systems. Key Concepts The face is susceptible to malformations due to the complex 4D nature of embryonic morphogenesis. Multiple prominences need to come together and fuse at precisely the right time during development in order for lip and palate fusion to occur. The genes that cause syndromes with craniofacial phenotypes overlap with the genes that contribute to nonsyndromic abnormalities such as typical cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Abnormal jaw relationships, especially mandibular prognathism, are partially genetically determined. Novel genes that increase risk of being born with NSCL/P have been identified with Genome Wide Association Studies and targeted sequencing. Midline clefts have a different etiology and appearance than non‐syndromic cleft lip. Midline clefts are part of the midline deficiencies in holoprosencephaly.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".