"Why all this haste?": The Importance of the Moderates' Perspective in the American Revolution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) levels increase in response to inflammation of the mammalian colon. The precise cellular sources of colonic NGF synthesis, however, remain elusive. Using lines of transgenic mice that express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the NGF promoter, we found a subpopulation of adendritic EGFP(+) neurons in the myenteric plexus. These colonic EGFP(+) neurons display positive immunostaining for calretinin but not nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) two biomarkers of mouse myenteric neurons. A loss of NGF expression in null mutant postnatal mice does not affect the survival of these EGFP(+) neurons. Induction of colonic inflammation confirms local increases in NGF mRNA/protein levels, which coincide with heightened detection of EGFP by myenteric neurons. Though NOS1(+) myenteric neurons display positive immunostaining for trkA (the receptor required for NGF binding/signaling), transgenic overexpression of NGF by smooth muscle cells in the colon does not alter the survival, somal size, or axonal density of trkA-expressing NOS1(+) myenteric neurons. Mice lacking functional p75NTR (the second receptor required for NGF binding) exhibit significantly less axonal damage among NOS1(+) myenteric neurons, in response to chemically induced colonic inflammation. Likewise, trkA-expressing sympathetic axons that innervate the myenteric ganglia display less damage in the absence of p75NTR. These data are the first to implicate calretinin(+) myenteric neurons as a source of NGF in the murine colon, and that in response to colonic inflammation, increases in NGF can exaggerate damage of intrinsic NOS1(+) axons and extrinsic sympathetic axons that co-express trkA and p75NTR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".