MONITORING WATER INFILTRATION IN AN EXPERIMENTAL WASTE ROCK PILE WITH TIME-LAPSE ERT AND MULTI-PARAMETER DATA COLLECTION
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) surveys were carried out on an experimental waste rock pile to characterize water infiltration. The pile was built at the hemo-ilmenite Lac Tio mine (QC, Canada) to test a proposed technique for the disposal of waste rocks that could considerably reduce their impact on the environment. The pile has been instrumented with multiple hydrogeological sensors including tensiometers, moisture probes, lysimeters and geophysical electrodes permanently installed to study the hydrogeological behavior of the pile. This paper presents the results of the geophysical surveys done in September 2016 for imaging the resistivity distribution in the 60m-long, 10m-wide and 7m-high pile and reconstructing the water content distribution. 3D time-lapse ERT measurements were carried out to image water flow before, during and after infiltration tests. 192 electrodes were disposed at the bottom and the top of the pile using 2m electrode spacing in both horizontal directions. The authors have analyzed and selected ERT protocols that would provide the required spatial resolution in the core of the pile where hydrogeological information is not directly available from the geophysical measurements. Each ERT protocol contains approximately 4000 measurements and a total of 230 000 measurements were recorded over a period of 15 days. This large database is currently being processed. The main goal of this project is the interpretation of resistivity values with regards to volumetric moisture content, so considerable attention was given to providing reliable hydrogeological results. Laboratory measurements were carried out on waste rock samples from the pile: the mineralized core (60-70 % ilmenite) is conductive (200 Ω.m) while non-mineralized rocks (anorthosite) are resistive (3000 Ω.m). Preliminary interpretation was carried out to reconstruct 3D images of the resistivity distribution in the pile: geometry and resistivity values are consistent with the known structure of the pile. The work performed in close collaboration with hydrogeologists and geochemists to improve the global understanding of the environmental behavior of the waste rock pile.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".