Etiology and management of Fusarium crown and root rot (<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>) on greenhouse pepper in Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Infection of greenhouse pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) by Fusarium oxysporum was observed in two commercial operations in Ontario, causing plant death and yield losses. The pathogen was identified based on cultural, morphological and pathogenicity tests supplemented by PCR amplification of TEF primers. Following inoculation, symptoms of mild stunting occurred within 5–6 weeks, followed by more severe stunting later. Other symptoms, such as chlorosis, wilting and necrosis of the lower foliage, did not become readily evident until about 60 days after inoculation. At 77 days after inoculation, there was considerable brown-black discolouration and decay of crown tissue but little internal stem discolouration or damage beyond the crown portion was observed. Roots were dark brown to black, severely decayed, and easily separated from the surrounding rock wool medium. The fungus was not pathogenic to greenhouse tomato, cucumber or eggplant, nor to field crops such as bean, chickpea or zucchini squash. There were no significant differences in virulence among isolates but differences in resistance/susceptibility among pepper cultivars were observed. The fungicides Medallion® (fludioxonil) and Senator® (thiophanate-methyl) were as effective as bio-control products Mycostop® (Streptomyces griseoviridis) and Prestop® (Gliocladium catenulatum) in limiting Fusarium crown and root rot in greenhouse pepper. Aspects of an integrated disease management strategy are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".