Quantifying toxicological stress in amphibians: The influence of hydrophobicity on PAH and PCB elimination rates in northern leopard frogs (Rana pipens).
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine if the elimination rates of various PCB and PAH congeners were controlled by hydrophobicity (log K ow) in adult northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). Frogs were subjected to intraperitoneal injections of one of the following three treatments: (a) 1:1:1 mixture of Aroclors 1242, 1254 and 1260; (b) an equimolar mixture of 17 unsubstituted PAHs; (c) a sunflower oil blank (control). Animals were sacrificed 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 days after injection, followed by homogenization, chemical extraction and clean-up, and gas chromatographic analyses for remaining parent analytes. Elimination of PAH analytes were generally faster than that of PCBs. Comparison of PAH elimination rates to PCBs of corresponding log Kow gives indirect evidence of biotransformation (metabolism). The persistence and concomitant potential of PCB trophic transmission and narcosis, and the probable biotransformation of some PAHs into genotoxic metabolites could be related to amphibian population declines. The use of adult amphibians for PCB and PAH biomonitoring is also discussed. In addition, the first order, one compartment kinetic model commonly used in aquatic toxicology does not seem to apply to adult amphibians. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)Dept. of Biological Sciences. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2000 .W65. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 39-02, page: 0473. Adviser: G. Doug Haffner. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2000.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".