589 Heat-induced changes in protein molecular structure associated with rumen degradation of oat grains in dairy cows detecting by vibrational molecular spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heat processing may simultaneously affect protein rumen degradation and protein intestinal digestion by altering molecular protein structure in seeds. Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier transform vibrational molecular spectroscopy (ATR-Ft/VMS) is a novel technique that reveals molecular structural features, increasing the understanding of feed structures at cellular level and new level of analytical information. The objective of this study was to reveal the change from heat-related feed processing in the molecular protein structure of oat grains: CDC Nasser and CDC Seabiscuit. Oat grains were sampled from harvested plots (n = 2) grown in 2014 and 2015. Each oat variety was equally divided into 4 portions and performed in one treatment: raw, dry-heating, autoclave heating or microwave irradiation. Samples were rolled (gap size 1.78 mm) for in situ incubation and ground through 0.5 mm screen for molecular spectral analysis. Amide I (1720 – 1577 cm-1) and amide II (1577 – 1486 cm-1) area intensities and peak heights, and secondary protein structures α-helices and β-sheets heights were measured in the region at ca. 1720 – 1486 cm-1were quantified using OMNIC 7.3 software. Rumen degradation was performed using dairy cows equipped with rumen cannulae. Spectral data were analyzed using univariate analysis of recording peak parameters. Spearman correlation was performed after normality test. Multiple regressions were performed using PROC REG of SAS 9.4. Autoclave heating increased (P < 0.001) Amide I:Amide II area ratio and heat processing methods increased (P < 0.001) Amide I:Amide II height ration comparing to raw. The α-helix and β-sheet heights were lower for autoclave heating comparing to dry heating; however these treatments were statistically similar with raw. Rate of degradation of crude protein (KdCP) was positive correlated with α-helix (r = 0.54;P= 0.028) and β-sheet (r = 0.59;P= 0.015); effective degradability (EDCP) was strongly positive correlated with Amide I (r = 0.75;P<0.001) and Amide II (r = 0.67; P < 0.001) areas, β-helix (r = 0.75; P < 0.001) and β-sheet (r = 0.86;P<0.001). Multiple regressions were obtained: KdCP = -22.66 + 205.68 × β-sheet (R2= 0.34;P= 0.015); EDCP = -52.18 + 568.89 × β-sheet (R2= 0.69;P<0.001). It can be concluded that heat-related feed processing affects molecular protein structures, the difference can be detected by ATR-Ft/VMS and protein molecular structure profile could be used as a predictor to estimate degradation kinetics of CP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".