Concentration and Off-target Movement of Neonicotinoid Residues During Agricultural Practices in Southwestern Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are important globally to control pests in numerous agricultural crops, representing 24% of total agricultural insecticide use. Recently, exposure of non-target organisms to neonicotinoids present in various agricultural matrices is debated as a result of their use as seed treatments in field crops. Field sampling and laboratory studies were conducted from 2013 to 2016 to determine concentration and movement of soil bound residues and particulate matter exhausted from vacuum type planters during the planting of neonicotinoid treated seed. “Wick effect” was reported as an important process that results in accumulation of neonicotinoid residues in the soil surface. Total suspended particulate (TSP) concentrations of neonicotinoid are higher at the edge of fields during planting than tillage of fields. Neonicotinoid residues were detected during wind events, tillage and planting practices. Efforts should be directed towards reducing the amount of material dislodging from treated seeds and reducing the amounts of contaminated dust exhausted by the planter. Avoiding excessive tillage and practicing soil conservation can be useful in minimizing the off-site transport of neonicotinoid residues.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".