0435 INTERETHNIC COMPARISON OF INTER-MANDIBULAR AND SOFT TISSUE VOLUMES AMONG NATIVE CHINESE, ICELANDIC CAUCASIAN AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN APNEICS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anatomical risk factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) include obesity, enlarged upper airway soft tissue structures, and craniofacial abnormalities. Research has shown that Chinese apneics have smaller airways, soft tissue structures and craniofacial structures when compared to Caucasian and African-American apneics. However, neither total intra-mandibular volume (IMV) nor the relationship between IMV and soft tissue volumes have been assessed by ethnicity. Oour study objectives were to compare the IMV and the ratio of soft tissue volumes to IMV between native Chinese, Icelandic Caucasian, and African-American apneics. We hypothesize that, given similar severity of OSA, IMVs will be smaller and ratio of soft tissue volumes to IMV will be larger in Chinese compared to Caucasians and African-Americans. 25 Chinese, 25 Caucasian, and 25 African-American apneics (AHI≥15 events/hour) were recruited from outpatient sleep clinics in China, Iceland, and Philadelphia, USA. Subjects tended to be middle-aged (53 ± 10.2 years), overweight (BMI 32 ± 6.5 kg/m2), male (64%), and have severe apnea (AHI 39 ± 22.3 events/hour). Subjects were matched on gender and AHI within 5 events/hour. Subjects underwent upper airway MRI (1.5T field strength) and volumetric analysis of upper airway structures was conducted using Amira software. Chinese trended towards smaller mean IMV values compared to African-Americans (169127.8 ± 37941.2mm3 vs. 190203.9 ± 27667.8mm3, p=0.082), though significant differences were not seen compared to Caucasians (169276.7 ± 30667.8mm3). Chinese subjects exhibited significantly smaller tongue volume to IMV ratio (0.17 ± 0.08) than both Caucasians (0.45 ± 0.04, p<0.001) and African-Americans (0.46 ± 0.03, p<0.001). Conversely, Chinese subjects had significantly larger lateral wall volume to IMV ratio (0.10 ± 0.04) than both Caucasians (0.07 ± 0.01, p<0.001) and African-Americans (0.07 ± 0.02, p<0.001). No differences were seen in soft palate volume to IMV ratio. Caucasians and African-Americans showed no differences in soft tissue volume to IMV ratios. Differential anatomic risk factors contribute to OSA across ethnic groups. Chinese displayed smaller total IMV and tongue volume to IMV ratios, but larger lateral wall volume to IMV ratios, compared to Caucasians and African-Americans. These results may suggest that the ratio of lateral wall volume to IMV plays an important role in the causal effects of OSA for Chinese patients. Funding: R01HL089447, R01HL072067, P01HL094307.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".