Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Grass swales are vegetated open channels that collect and transport stormwater runoff. They are often used as an alternative to concrete gutters to transport runoff along streets due to their low cost. However, they also offer several advantages in stormwater quality management, especially in their ability to infiltrate runoff. This chapter describes another benefit of grass swales: their ability to trap particulates during low flows. A series of detailed laboratory tests were conducted to describe sediment transport processes for stormwater grass swales. Field verifications of these processes are also described in this chapter. As expected, runoff hydraulics, especially depth of flow, along with swale length, affect the transport of particulates of different sizes. Shallow flows (less than the grass height) provided consistently high removal rates, while deeper flows (and especially along with relatively low sediment concentrations) had poorer sediment trapping abilities. Obviously, long swales and large particle sizes are an effective combination, but the smallest particles are likely to be effectively transported along most swales. There appeared to be equilibrium concentrations for different particle sizes that were not further reduced, irrespective of swale length, likely associated with combinations of scour of Sediment Transport in Grass Swales material from the underlying soil or of previously trapped sediment, and the carrying capacity of the water.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it