Guided bone regeneration with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 9 loaded on either deproteinized bovine bone mineral or a collagen barrier membrane
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 9 (rhBMP9) has been considered the most osteoinductive growth factor of the BMP-family and has much translation potential for guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare bone formation using rhBMP9 loaded with different carrier systems including deprotenized bovine bone mineral (BioOss, BO) or collagen barrier membranes (BioGide, BG) in a rabbit GBR model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: rhBMP9 was loaded either on BO; named BO/BMP9, or BG; named BG/BMP9 to investigate the better carrier system for rhBMP9. New bone formation was quantified in a rabbit calvarial defect model using four groups; (1) control (empty, n = 9), (2) BO + BG (n = 9), (3) BO/BMP9 + BG (n = 9; BMP9 loaded onto BO), and (4) BO + BG/BMP9 (n = 9; BMP9 loaded onto BG) by radiographically and histologically at 8 weeks post-surgery. RESULTS: Both BO/BMP9 + BG and BO + BG/BMP9 samples significantly promoted new bone formation when compared to BO + BG samples based on parameters including mineralized tissue volume by microCT analysis, as well as new bone height and new bone area by histomorphometry. Interestingly, BO + BG/BMP9 samples but not BO/BMP9 + BG achieved near perfect horizontal bone defect closure, while demonstrating new bone layers in the defect areas implanted with BG materials and bone formation around BO materials. CONCLUSION: Both BO and BG positively induced bone formation with rhBMP9 in an experimental rabbit GBR model when compared to BO + BG alone. This study revealed that BG-loaded with rhBMP9 promoted better wound closure when compared to BO-loaded with rhBMP9. GBR procedures with growth factors may thus benefit from loading rhBMP9 onto BG-collagen barrier membranes when compared to BO-bone grafting particles. Future large animal studies with different types of bone grafts and barrier membranes are needed to further investigate these trends.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".