Biologically effective rates of a new premix (atrazine, bicyclopyrone, mesotrione, and S-metolachlor) for pre-emergence or post-emergence control of common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis Sauer) in corn
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A premix of atrazine, bicyclopyrone, mesotrione, and S-metolachlor was recently approved for broad-spectrum weed control in corn in the United States. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the response of common waterhemp to various rates of the premix applied before emergence (preemergence, PRE) or after emergence (postemergence, POST) in corn. In greenhouse dose-response bioassays, PRE application of the premix at 975 g a.i. ha−1 provided 90% control (visual estimates) of common waterhemp at 28 d after treatment (DAT). The POST doses to control 90% (ED90) of common waterhemp at 21 DAT were estimated as 1157 and 1838 g a.i. ha−1 for the 8–10, and 15–18 cm tall common waterhemp, respectively. Under field conditions, the premix applied PRE at the labeled rate (2900 g a.i. ha−1) provided 98% and 91% control of common waterhemp at 14 and 63 DAT, respectively. The ED90 values for the in-field POST dose-response bioassay were 680 and 2302 g a.i. ha−1 at 14 DAT for the 8–10 and 15–18 cm tall common waterhemp, respectively. The root mean square error and the model efficiency coefficient values indicated a good fit for the prediction models. Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rS) showed that corn yield was positively correlated (rS ≥ 0.55; P < 0.001) with common waterhemp biomass reduction. The premix applied PRE provided higher corn yields compared with the premix applied POST. The new premix will provide an additional herbicide option with multiple effective modes of action to control common waterhemp in corn.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".