Subcortical hyperintensities in the cholinergic system are associated with improvements in executive function in older adults with coronary artery disease undergoing cardiac rehabilitation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective Coronary artery disease (CAD) is frequently accompanied by white matter hyperintensities and executive dysfunction. Because acetylcholine is important in executive function, these symptoms may be exacerbated by subcortical hyperintensities (SH) located in cholinergic (CH) tracts. This study investigated the effects of SH on cognitive changes in CAD patients undergoing a 48‐week cardiac rehabilitation program. Methods Fifty patients (age 66.5 ± 7.1 years, 84% male) underwent the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke – Canadian Stroke Network neurocognitive battery at baseline and 48 weeks. Patients underwent a 48‐week cardiac program and completed neuroimaging at baseline. Subcortical hyperintensities in CH tracts were measured using Lesion Explorer. Repeated measures general linear models were used to examine interactions between SH and longitudinal cognitive outcomes, controlling for age, education, and max VO2 change as a measure of fitness. Results In patients with SH in CH tracts, there was a significant interaction with the Trail Making Test (TMT) part A and part B over time. Patients without SH improved on average 16.6 and 15.0% on the TMT‐A and TMT‐B, respectively. Patients with SH on average showed no improvements in either TMT‐A or TMT‐B over time. There were no significant differences in other cognitive measures. Conclusion These results suggest that CAD patients with SH in CH tracts improve less than those without SH in CH tracts, over 48 weeks of cardiac rehabilitation. Thus, SH in CH tracts may contribute to longitudinal cognitive decline following a cardiac event and may represent a vascular risk factor of cognitive decline. © 2017 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".